Stearic acid stands as a long-chain saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula C18H36O2. In everyday settings, it often appears as a white, waxy solid at room temperature. You will find it listed under the HS Code 3823.11 for international trade. Stearic acid occurs naturally in animal fats and various plant oils, forming one of the fundamental building blocks in the fatty acid family. Industry professionals commonly obtain stearic acid through the hydrolysis of triglycerides found in tallow or vegetable oils. Its molecular weight measures 284.48 g/mol, setting the stage for the distinct qualities it brings to a wide range of applications.
Looking closely at its physical form, stearic acid may present itself as flakes, fine powder, pearls, or solid crystals. The choice between these physical types comes down to end use—whether you’re working in personal care, foods, plastics, or pharmaceuticals. Under standard conditions, stearic acid holds a melting point between 68°C and 70°C, which allows it to stay solid in most climates. With a density of 0.847 g/cm³ at 70°C and a faint, fatty odor, its chemical stability and compatibility make it a reliable ingredient for manufacturers. Structurally, its hydrocarbon tail grants it excellent hydrophobic properties, meaning it resists water—an essential factor for producing water-repellent coatings, candles, and lubricants.
Businesses package stearic acid in various grades to suit technical standards and safety requirements. Technical-grade stearic acid caters to non-food applications, while food-grade versions see use in edible products and pharmaceuticals. Granules, powder, and prilled forms get selected for their flow properties and ease of mixing. Companies supply this chemical raw material in buckets, bags, or bulk, with labeling governed by both GHS standards and local safety regulations. The HS Code 3823.11 signals compliance with international customs for chemical imports and exports. Good transparency about the source, purity—often above 95%, and any minor constituent traces forms the basis for safe industrial or commercial use.
Stearic acid remains stable under normal storage, showing inertness toward most chemicals in mild conditions. Because it resists oxidation and keeps its structure without reacting to typical acids or bases, product shelf life increases. With a boiling point well above 300°C and solubility in benzene, chloroform, and hot alcohols, it blends well into many manufacturing systems. Its amphiphilic structure, with a hydrophilic carboxyl end and a long hydrophobic tail, allows it to serve as an effective emulsifier and cleansing agent. No one can confuse it for an aggressive or dangerous compound in a standard storage environment—though standard chemical safety guidance always applies, keeping it away from open flames and strong oxidizing agents.
On the scale of chemical risks, stearic acid scores low. No severe toxic effects follow brief skin contact, and it raises no acute danger with normal use. That said, inhalation of powder may cause mild airway irritation, and accidental eye exposure could lead to temporary discomfort. Employees working with bulk quantities should use dust masks and goggles, especially during handling or transfer. As with all chemicals, storage should avoid sources of ignition and keep drums dry to prevent clumping. The safety data sheets lay out clear steps for cleanup and disposal, helping factories minimize environmental harm.
Stearic acid acts as the unsung pillar for many industries. In the world of rubber and plastics, it helps stabilize compounds during high-heat processing and lubricates die surfaces. Thanks to its waxy character, it finds a home in candle manufacturing and gives soaps their hard, shelf-stable finish. Powdered stearic acid lends slip to tablets in the pharmaceutical world and keeps powders free-flowing in food processing lines. Cosmetic makers rely on its surfactant abilities to blend oils and water, giving creams and lotions that smooth, even feel. Manufacturers depend on a steady supply, drawn to its consistent melting range, non-toxic nature, and low reactivity. Its versatility as a chemical feedstock keeps production lines moving year-round, from tires to mascara to nutritional supplements.
From years of working with chemistry labs and industry partners, demand for stearic acid stays strong because it checks so many requirement boxes. There is a growing push to verify the sourcing of this material, with many buyers now looking to avoid animal-based tallow and seek plant-based, RSPO-certified stearic acid. This transition helps address concerns from vegan consumers and manufacturers aiming to build ethical supply chains. It highlights the importance of full traceability from refinery to factory floor. Innovation plays a part here too. Some companies invest in greener extraction methods, recycling by-products and reducing the energy needed for purification. These goals line up well with broader ESG commitments in manufacturing and chemical distribution. In every industry, the shift to greener chemistry keeps stearic acid relevant beyond its basic technical strengths.
